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: Lieutenant〔The pronunciation of ''lieutenant'' is generally split between or , generally in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Commonwealth countries, and or , generally associated with the United States. See lieutenant.〕 (abbreviated Lt, LT, LT(N), Lieut and LEUT, depending on nation) is a commissioned officer rank in many nations' navies. It is typically the most senior of junior officer ranks. The rank's insignia usually consists of two medium gold braid stripes and often the uppermost stripe features a loop or executive curl. The now immediately senior rank of lieutenant commander was formerly a senior naval lieutenant rank. Many navies also use a subordinate rank of sub-lieutenant. The appointment of "first lieutenant" in many navies is held by a senior lieutenant. Naval lieutenants rank higher than army lieutenants; a naval lieutenant is a NATO OF-2 (US grade O-3) and ranks with an army captain. ==History== Since at least 1580,〔 the lieutenants in a ship had been the officers immediately subordinate to the captain. Before the English Restoration, lieutenants were appointed by their captains, and this inevitably led to abuses and to the widespread appointment of men of insufficient qualification. In 1677, Samuel Pepys introduced the first examination for lieutenant,〔''Gentlemen and Tarpaulins'', by J D Davies, Oxford University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-19-820263-9, p.40〕 and it is from the date of this examination that their seniority was set. Lieutenants were numbered by their seniority within the ship, so that a frigate (which was entitled to three) would have a first lieutenant, a second lieutenant, and a third lieutenant. A first-rate was entitled to six, and they were numbered accordingly. At first, a lieutenant's commission was given only for the ship in which he served, but after the loss of HMS ''Wager'' in 1741 and the subsequent mutiny, lieutenants were given full commissions on passing their examination.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Officer Ranks in the Royal Navy - Lieutenant )〕 During the early days of the naval rank, a lieutenant might be very junior indeed, or might be on the cusp of promotion to captain; by modern standards, he might rank with any army rank between second lieutenant and lieutenant colonel. As the rank structure of navies stabilised, and the ranks of commander, lieutenant commander and sub-lieutenant were introduced, the naval lieutenant came to rank with an army captain (NATO OF-2 or US O-3). In the United States Navy, promotion to lieutenant is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980. DOPMA guidelines suggest 95% of lieutenants (junior grade) should be promoted to lieutenant after serving a minimum of two years at their present rank. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lieutenant (navy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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